{"id":6950,"date":"2026-05-09T02:50:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T02:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/?p=6950"},"modified":"2026-05-10T02:48:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T02:48:07","slug":"a-brief-history-of-super-absorbent-polymer-sap-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/a-brief-history-of-super-absorbent-polymer-sap-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 (\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092a\u0940) \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"722\">\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 (SAPs) \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0964 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, SAPs \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092f\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b SAPs \u0915\u094b \u091f\u093f\u0936\u0942 \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u091c \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u092b \u092a\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1546\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1546\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1546\" src=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0917\u0947\u0932\u0938\u0948\u092a \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GELSAP-Water-retention-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1546\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0917\u0947\u0932\u0938\u0948\u092a \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"779\">1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947: \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"1143\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u093f\u0936\u0942 \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u092b \u092a\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e 20 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1191\">1960 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1692\">1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (USDA) \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 400 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1694\" data-end=\"1747\">1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u20131970 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"2175\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b USDA \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u094b\u091c (CMC), \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921, \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0932 (PVA) \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928\u2013\u092e\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 (IMA) \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 SAP \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2177\" data-end=\"2219\">1970 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2220\" data-end=\"2484\">1970 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092a\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2486\" data-end=\"2530\">1980 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2809\">1982 \u092e\u0947\u0902, SAPs \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0926, UniCharm \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f SAPs \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u092a\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2856\">1990 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915: \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 SAP \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2857\" data-end=\"3182\">\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092a\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094b\u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3378\">\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, SAPs \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u2013\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u094b\u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3380\" data-end=\"3440\">\u091c\u0932-\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3441\" data-end=\"3881\">\u091c\u0932-\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930\u2014\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2014\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947, \u092b\u092b\u0942\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3883\" data-end=\"3899\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3900\" data-end=\"4232\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u0915, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 SAPs \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) are a class of advanced functional polymer materials capable of absorbing and retaining extremely large amounts 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Unlike traditional absorbent materials, these hydrogels can retain water even under pressure, which makes SAPs","twitter:image":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sapgellogo350100.png"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"6950","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":[],"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":[],"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"created":"2025-12-16 02:50:27","updated":"2026-08-31 05:51:48","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null,"ai":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/category\/blog\/\" title=\"Blog\">Blog<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tA Brief History of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) Chemistry\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi"},{"label":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/category\/blog\/"},{"label":"A Brief History of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) Chemistry","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/a-brief-history-of-super-absorbent-polymer-sap-chemistry\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6951,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950\/revisions\/6951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6950"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}