{"id":6918,"date":"2025-10-30T01:35:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T01:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/?p=6918"},"modified":"2025-10-30T01:35:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T01:35:18","slug":"sodium-polyacrylate-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/sodium-polyacrylate-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"794\">\u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a <a href=\"http:\/\/SAPGELS.COM\"><strong data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"540\">\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/a>. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (SAP) \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0445 - \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"1073\">\u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, <a href=\"http:\/\/GELSAP.COM\"><strong data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"896\">\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/a> \u041d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0435 <strong data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"992\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1219\">\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1224\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1264\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2565\" src=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer.png\" alt=\"\u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430 Gelsap\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer.png 1700w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer-1024x712.png 1024w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer-768x534.png 768w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer-1536x1068.png 1536w, https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Gelsap-gel-ice-pack-polymer-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1264\"><strong data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1264\">1. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1632\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 <strong data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1312\">\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">(C3H3NaO2)n(C\u2083H\u2083NaO\u2082)\u2099.<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">H<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">O<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 <strong data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1496\">\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e <strong data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1584\">\u0412 300-800 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430<\/strong> - \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1681\"><strong data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1681\">\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"2001\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f <strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1783\">\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 <strong data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1914\">\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/strong>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2130\">\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a <strong data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2050\">\u0417\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0443<\/strong> \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \"\u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\".<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2135\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2189\"><strong data-start=\"2140\" data-end=\"2189\">2. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2352\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2354\" data-end=\"2884\">\n<li data-start=\"2354\" data-end=\"2431\">\n<p data-start=\"2356\" data-end=\"2431\"><strong data-start=\"2356\" data-end=\"2384\">\u0421\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u0412\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2523\">\n<p data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2523\"><strong data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2465\">\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439:<\/strong> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2524\" data-end=\"2610\">\n<p data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2610\"><strong data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2562\">\u041d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439:<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2691\">\n<p data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2691\"><strong data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2640\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2692\" data-end=\"2788\">\n<p data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2788\"><strong data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2729\">\u0427\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u041d:<\/strong> \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c pH \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2789\" data-end=\"2884\">\n<p data-start=\"2791\" data-end=\"2884\"><strong data-start=\"2791\" data-end=\"2815\">\u041d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d:<\/strong> \u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2886\" data-end=\"3015\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. <strong data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"3001\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3017\" data-end=\"3020\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3022\" data-end=\"3094\"><strong data-start=\"3025\" data-end=\"3094\">3. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3096\" data-end=\"3141\"><strong data-start=\"3100\" data-end=\"3141\">1. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3143\" data-end=\"3282\">\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f - \u0432 <strong data-start=\"3204\" data-end=\"3233\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/strong>\u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"3284\" data-end=\"3332\"><strong data-start=\"3289\" data-end=\"3332\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3333\" data-end=\"3626\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445. \u041e\u043d \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3667\"><strong data-start=\"3633\" data-end=\"3667\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3668\" data-end=\"3861\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3863\" data-end=\"3866\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3868\" data-end=\"3910\"><strong data-start=\"3872\" data-end=\"3910\">2. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3912\" data-end=\"4066\">\u0412 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, <strong data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3950\">\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/strong> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4092\"><strong data-start=\"4073\" data-end=\"4092\">\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"4093\" data-end=\"4315\">\u0412 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0442. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"4317\" data-end=\"4348\"><strong data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4348\">\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439\/\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"4349\" data-end=\"4560\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 <strong data-start=\"4380\" data-end=\"4401\">\u041b\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/strong>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4594\"><strong data-start=\"4567\" data-end=\"4594\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"4595\" data-end=\"4769\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 - \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4771\" data-end=\"4774\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"4819\"><strong data-start=\"4780\" data-end=\"4819\">3. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4821\" data-end=\"4965\">\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e - \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"4967\" data-end=\"4989\"><strong data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"4989\">\u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"4990\" data-end=\"5329\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <strong data-start=\"5028\" data-end=\"5054\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u044b, \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0439. \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432, 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data-end=\"5370\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5371\" data-end=\"5666\">\u0412 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong data-start=\"5452\" data-end=\"5472\">\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/strong>\u041e\u043d 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\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5668\" data-end=\"5671\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5673\" data-end=\"5715\"><strong data-start=\"5677\" data-end=\"5715\">4. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5717\" data-end=\"5836\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u044f <strong data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"5835\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"5872\"><strong data-start=\"5843\" data-end=\"5872\">\u0412\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5873\" data-end=\"6074\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6100\"><strong data-start=\"6081\" data-end=\"6100\">\u0418\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6101\" data-end=\"6288\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \"\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\" \u0438\u043b\u0438 \"\u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433\" \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"6290\" data-end=\"6326\"><strong data-start=\"6295\" data-end=\"6326\">\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6327\" data-end=\"6510\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6512\" data-end=\"6515\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6517\" data-end=\"6561\"><strong data-start=\"6521\" data-end=\"6561\">5. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6563\" data-end=\"6711\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 <strong data-start=\"6638\" data-end=\"6710\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"6713\" data-end=\"6754\"><strong data-start=\"6718\" data-end=\"6754\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"7043\">\u0412 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 <strong data-start=\"6828\" data-end=\"6853\">\u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong>. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e - \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"7045\" data-end=\"7078\"><strong data-start=\"7050\" data-end=\"7078\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"7266\">\u0412 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong data-start=\"7149\" data-end=\"7200\">\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/strong>, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"7268\" data-end=\"7297\"><strong data-start=\"7273\" data-end=\"7297\">\u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"7298\" data-end=\"7538\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"7540\" data-end=\"7590\"><strong data-start=\"7545\" data-end=\"7590\">\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"7591\" data-end=\"7850\">\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <strong data-start=\"7695\" data-end=\"7751\">\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong>. These materials are popular in protective gear, sportswear, and temperature-controlled packaging.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7852\" data-end=\"7855\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"7857\" data-end=\"7904\"><strong data-start=\"7861\" data-end=\"7904\">6. Firefighting and Safety Applications<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7906\" data-end=\"8178\">Another interesting use lies in <strong data-start=\"7938\" data-end=\"7961\">fire-retardant gels<\/strong>. Sodium polyacrylate is combined with water to create a thick gel barrier that clings to surfaces and slows heat transfer. This helps protect structures during wildfire suppression or industrial firefighting efforts.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8180\" data-end=\"8183\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8185\" data-end=\"8236\"><strong data-start=\"8188\" data-end=\"8236\">4. Environmental Benefits and Safety Profile<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8238\" data-end=\"8477\">Despite being synthetic, sodium polyacrylate is considered <strong data-start=\"8297\" data-end=\"8335\">environmentally safe and non-toxic<\/strong> when used properly. It does not emit harmful fumes or leach heavy metals, and it breaks down gradually under high-temperature incineration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"8479\" data-end=\"8559\">Additionally, its <strong data-start=\"8497\" data-end=\"8527\">reusability and efficiency<\/strong> reduce waste across industries:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8560\" data-end=\"8840\">\n<li data-start=\"8560\" data-end=\"8640\">\n<p data-start=\"8562\" data-end=\"8640\">In cold chain logistics, reusable gel packs cut down on single-use plastics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8641\" data-end=\"8740\">\n<p data-start=\"8643\" data-end=\"8740\">In hygiene products, smaller quantities achieve superior absorption, minimizing material usage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8741\" data-end=\"8840\">\n<p data-start=\"8743\" data-end=\"8840\">In industrial applications, its leak-prevention properties protect ecosystems from contamination.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"8842\" data-end=\"8972\">Sodium polyacrylate\u2019s clean chemistry and stability make it a <strong data-start=\"8904\" data-end=\"8971\">trusted material in modern sustainability-focused manufacturing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8974\" data-end=\"8977\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8979\" data-end=\"9017\"><strong data-start=\"8982\" data-end=\"9017\">5. Innovation and Future Trends<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"9019\" data-end=\"9200\">With the growing demand for efficient, sustainable materials, researchers are continuously exploring <strong data-start=\"9120\" data-end=\"9164\">new modifications of sodium polyacrylate<\/strong> to expand its performance envelope.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9202\" data-end=\"9789\">\n<li data-start=\"9202\" data-end=\"9348\">\n<p data-start=\"9204\" data-end=\"9348\"><strong data-start=\"9204\" data-end=\"9231\">Biodegradable Variants:<\/strong> Development of eco-friendly sodium polyacrylate blends with natural polymers for faster environmental degradation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9349\" data-end=\"9502\">\n<p data-start=\"9351\" data-end=\"9502\"><strong data-start=\"9351\" data-end=\"9371\">Smart Hydrogels:<\/strong> Integration with temperature- or pH-sensitive additives to create intelligent materials for medical and electronic applications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9503\" data-end=\"9629\">\n<p data-start=\"9505\" data-end=\"9629\"><strong data-start=\"9505\" data-end=\"9524\">Energy Storage:<\/strong> Use in phase-change materials and solar-powered cooling systems due to its thermal storage capability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9630\" data-end=\"9789\">\n<p data-start=\"9632\" data-end=\"9789\"><strong data-start=\"9632\" data-end=\"9656\">Wearable Technology:<\/strong> In cooling garments and athletic wear, sodium polyacrylate gels are being refined for lightweight, long-lasting moisture regulation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"9791\" data-end=\"9968\">These advancements indicate that sodium polyacrylate will continue to play a central role in <strong data-start=\"9884\" data-end=\"9942\">innovative, sustainable, and high-performance products<\/strong> across global industries.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9970\" data-end=\"9973\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"9975\" data-end=\"10032\"><strong data-start=\"9978\" data-end=\"10032\">6. Conclusion: A Polymer That Shapes Everyday Life<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10304\">From hygiene and healthcare to shipping and safety, <strong data-start=\"10086\" data-end=\"10109\">\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong> is an unsung hero of modern innovation. Its unique ability to absorb, retain, and manage moisture makes it indispensable in countless applications that improve comfort, safety, and efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10306\" data-end=\"10530\">Unlike its cousin <strong data-start=\"10324\" data-end=\"10350\">\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f<\/strong>, which is tailored for soil and agricultural use, sodium polyacrylate excels in <strong data-start=\"10431\" data-end=\"10487\">industrial, medical, and consumer-grade applications<\/strong> where precision and performance are key.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"10532\" data-end=\"10760\">As industries continue to evolve toward cleaner, smarter technologies, sodium polyacrylate will remain a cornerstone material \u2014 <strong data-start=\"10660\" data-end=\"10760\">quietly powering the products that make modern life more sustainable, comfortable, and reliable.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today\u2019s material science landscape, few compounds demonstrate versatility and innovation quite like sodium polyacrylate. 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Known for its extraordinary water-absorption capacity and flexible chemical properties, this superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has quietly revolutionized countless industries \u2014 from healthcare and hygiene to packaging, cooling, and environmental protection. 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While potassium polyacrylate is often used for agricultural water retention,","twitter:image":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sapgellogo350100.png"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"6918","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":[],"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":[],"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"created":"2025-10-30 01:35:18","updated":"2026-08-31 05:51:48","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null,"ai":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/\" title=\"Blog\">Blog<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tSodium Polyacrylate Uses\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru"},{"label":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/category\/blog\/"},{"label":"Sodium Polyacrylate Uses","link":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/sodium-polyacrylate-uses\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6918"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6919,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6918\/revisions\/6919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saphydrogels.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}